APPENDIX II.

m,andthecourtwouldapproveitsbeingdone.Anolleprosequiwasenteredaccordingly,andbothgentlemendischarged. "'Itmaybeaddedthattwodayswereconsumedinexhibitingtheevidence,andthatthetrialwasbyajuryofClarkeCounty.Boththepartieshadbeenonbailfromthetimeoftheirarrest,andwerecontinuedonbailwhilstthetrialwasdepending.' "Letusadmitthattheevidencedoesnotprovethelegalcrimeofhomicidewhatcandidmancandoubt,afterreadingthisexparte,versionofit,thattheslavediedinconsequenceofthepunishmentinflicteduponhim? "Incriminalprosecutionsthefederalconstitutionguaranteestotheaccusedtherighttoapublictrialbyanimpartialjurytherighttobeinformedofthenatureandcauseoftheaccusationtobeconfrontedwiththewitnessesagainsthimtohavecompulsoryprocessforobtainingwitnessinhisfavorandtohavetheassistanceofcounselguaranteesnecessarytosecureinnocenceagainsthastyorvindictivejudgment,—absolutelynecessarytopreventinjustice.Grantthattheywerenotintendedforslaveseverymasterofaslavemustfeelthattheyarestillmorallybindinguponhim.Heisthesolejudgehealonedeterminestheoffence,theproofrequisitetoestablishit,andtheamountofthepunishment.Theslave,then,hasapeculiarclaimuponhimforjustice.Whenchargedwithacrime,commonhumanityrequiresthatheshouldbeinformedofit,thatheshouldbeconfrontedwiththewitnessesagainsthim,thatheshouldbepermittedtoshowevidenceinfavorofhisinnocence. "ButhowwaspoorLewistreated?ThesonofCastlemansaidhehaddiscoveredwhostolethemoneyanditwasforthwith'determinedthattheoffendersshouldbepunishedatonce,andbeforetheyshouldknowofthediscoverythathadbeenmade.'Punishedwithoutahearing!Punishedonthetestimonyofahouse-servant,thenatureofwhichdoesnotappeartohavebeeninquiredintobythecourt!Notawordissaidwhichauthorizesthebeliefthatanycarefulexaminationwasmade,asitrespectstheirguilt.LewisandReubenwereassumed,onlooseevidence,withoutdeliberateinvestigation,tobeguiltyandthen,withoutallowingthemtoattempttoshowtheirevidence,theywerewhippeduntilaconfessionofguiltwasextortedbybodilypain. "IsthisVirginiajustice?" "'TotheEditoroftheEra: "'IseethatCastleman,wholatelyhadatrialforwhippingaslavetodeathinVirginia,was"triumphantlyacquitted,"—asmanyexpected.Therearethreepersonsinthiscity,withwhomIamacquainted,whostayedatCastleman'sthesamenightinwhichthisawfultragedywasenacted.Theyheardthedreadfullashing,andtheheartrendingscreamsandentreatiesofthesufferer.Theyimploredtheonlywhitemantheycouldfindonthepremises,notengagedinthebloodywork,tointerpose,butforalongtimeherefused,onthegroundthathewasadependant,andwasafraidtogiveoffenceandthat,moreover,theyhadbeendrinking,andhewasinfearofhisownlife,shouldhesayawordthatwouldbedispleasingtothem.Hedid,however,venture,andreturnedandreportedthecruelmannerinwhichtheslaveswerechained,andlashed,andsecuredinablacksmith'svise.Inthemorning,whentheyascertainedthatoneoftheslaveswasdead,theyweresoshockedandindignantthattheyrefusedtoeatinthehouse,andreproachedCastlemanwithhiscruelty.Heexpressedhisregretthattheslavehaddied,andespeciallyashehadascertainedthathewasinnocentoftheaccusationforwhichhehadsuffered.Theideawasthathehadfaintedfromexhaustionand,thechainbeingroundhisneck,hewasstrangled.ThepersonsIrefertoarethemselvesslaveholdersbuttheirfeelingsweresoharrowedandlaceratedthattheycouldnotsleep(twoofthemareladies),andformanynightsafterwardstheirrestwasdisturbed,andtheirdreamsmadefrightful,bytheappallingrecollection. "'Thesepersonswouldhavebeenmaterialwitnesses,andwouldhavewillinglyattendedonthepartoftheprosecution.Theknowledgetheyhadofthecasewascommunicatedtotheproperauthorities,yettheirattendancewasnotrequired.Theonlywitnesswasthatdependantwhoconsideredhisownlifeindanger. Yours,&c., J.F." TheLawofOutlawry. RevisedStatutesofNorthCarolina,chap.cxi.,sect.22: "'Whereas,MANYTIMESslavesrunawayandlieout,hidandlurkinginswamps,woods,andotherobscureplaces,killingcattleandhogs,andcommittingotherinjuriestotheinhabitantsofthisstateinallsuchcases,uponintelligenceofanyslaveorslaveslyingoutasaforesaid,anytwojusticesofthepeaceforthecountywhereinsuchslaveorslavesisoraresupposedtolurkordomischief,shall,andtheyareherebyempoweredandrequiredtoissueproclamationagainstsuchslaveorslaves(recitinghisortheirnames,andthenameornamesoftheownerorowners,ifknown),therebyrequiringhimorthem,andeveryofthem,forthwithtosurrenderhimorthemselvesandalsotoempowerandrequirethesheriffofthesaidcountytotakesuchpowerwithhimasheshallthinkfitandnecessaryforgoinginsearchandpursuitof,andeffectuallyapprehending,suchoutlyingslaveorslaveswhichproclamationshallbepublishedatthedoorofthecourt-house,andatsuchotherplacesassaidjusticesshalldirect.Andifanyslaveorslaves,againstwhomproclamationhathbeenthusissued,stayout,anddonotimmediatelyreturn